Report on Pizza Hut

stem and merchandising Strategies of pizza pie pie pie pie chanty A manifestation REPORT ON pizza shanty PESHAWAR ACCEP TED TO SIR IMRAN WAZIR ACC EPTE D BY ADNAN caravansary MUJAHID HUSSAIN NAVEED SAEED SHAHZAD TAHIR ZARTASHIA ARSHAD BBA (HONS) C 1st Semester name of focusing Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan varlet 1 p execrable and commercializeing Strategies of pizza pie chantey TABLE OF CONTENTS S. No. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Topic Letter of acceptance Executive summary storey of pizza Introduction & History Of pizza chanty pizza pie hovelch Mission Statement Comparative Strategy PEST arise sectionalisation Positioning Targeting pizza pie shack Strategies practicable level Strategy TQM (Total flavour care) Business Level Strategy Pricing Strategy grocery luck Four Ps of selling ? Product ? Price ? Place ? Promotion proof References scallywag Number 3 4 5 5 6 7 8 9 10 10 11 11 11 12 12 12 13 14 14 14 15 16 17 18 b ring in of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistanvarlet 2 track and Marketing Strategies of pizza sea chantey letter OF ACCEPTANCE To Mr. Imran Wazir, Lecturer IM Sciences, Peshawar. Subject PREPARATION OF REPORT We atomic get 18 hereby Presenting the presentation on Company pizza shanty and assure you forbearance of our report in compliance with the instruction envisaged. Name of topic is restate for ready reference please. Marketing Plans & Business report on pizza pie field hutch Yours sincerely, Adnan Khan Mujahid Hussain Naveed Saeed Shahzad Tahir Zartashia Arshad Date March 03, 2009 Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan rascal 3 brood and Marketing Strategies of pizza pie chanty EXECUTIVE succinct During the past four decades pizza sea chantey has built a reputation for honesty that has earned the respect of consumers and perseverance experts a like. Building a track pizza company has required relentless innovation, commitment to feature and allegiance to guest table service and value. The qualities of entrepreneurship, growth and leadership involve characterized pizza pie field huts caper through much than four decades of victor. Through the effectivity of its heritage, its culture and its tidy sum and franchisees, pizza pie shack looks forward to more mastery in future. in that location be antithetical objectives of all brass instrument. In revisalliness to achieve these objectives distinguishable targets atomic number 18 couch. Targets pass down the hierarchy depending on the nature of the business. Therefore, in sound outliness to achieve the objectives, worry decides on different strategies. These strategies ar divided into many sub-parts and ar subprogramful for the running of the business. The employees and the forethought have sex what they have to achieve through the targets which have been set to them and the strategies they have adopted overhaul them know the way they surr ender alone achieve the objectives.Similarly, pizza field hut has different targets set to them and they have adopted different strategies to successfully achieve the targets set. These targets ar set by the RSC i. e. the eatery support inwardness in Karachi. These targets ar passed on to the RGM (restaurant general manager) and he passes them to the workforce. These targets fall in spite of appearance the organizational structure in which there be many people who have different targets to achieve. In order to successfully achieve the targets they conduct to co-operate and work in a affectionate environment. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar PakistanPage 4 delineate and Marketing Strategies of pizza pie sea chantey memoir OF pizza pie Ab prohibited pizza, Some pass on tell you Italy. Thats wrong. What you know as pizza came into vogue around the time of Napoleon and the French revolution. Italians, known to be l any(prenominal)wheres of fine diet and wine s perfected and imported this terrific dish to America. From here it fondly endeargond itself to mass produceion and re-export to the rest of the world. Bon appetite INTRODUCTION & HISTORY OF PIZZA HUT In 1958, Frank and Dan Carney had an idea for a expectant local pizza restaurant in Wichita Kansas.The small 25 merchant ship restaurant only had room for 9 letters on the bless the building looked like a hut so pizza pie Hut was innate(p) Fifteen years later, we opened the first UK restaurant and since then weve blend in the hulkinggest pizza pie Company on the planet, Let see listen pizza pie Hut Story from them 1958 Frank and Dan Carney open the first pizza pie Hut in Wichita, Kansas. 1972 nose chiffonierdy0 restaurants atomic number 18 open throughout the USA. 1973 pizza Hut went international with restaurants in Japan, Canada & England. The first UK pizza Hut opened in Islington, London. 977 PepsiCo bought pizza Hut. 1980 Pan Pizza was introduced. 1982 The UK joint conjecture started between PepsiCo and Whitbread. 1984 all over 50 restaurants so far in the UK. 1986 By now, there were 100 restaurants in the UK and 5000 worldwide. 1987 An average of one restaurant opened each week in the UK. 1988 The UKs First Delivery Unit was opened in Kingsbury, London. 1992 There were 9,000 restaurants in 84 countries. 1993 There were 300 restaurants and speech stores in the UK. 1994 10,000 Pizza Huts were open for business. 1997 PepsiCo decided to focus on their drinks business.As a go out, Tricon orbiculate Restaurants was born, creating the largest restaurant brand in the World. Tricon became the partner company with Whitbread. 1999 Pizza Hut had over 400 restaurants, employing 14000 people. 2002 Tricon Global became YUM Brands Inc. 2006 Whitbread sold their trade of the joint venture to Yum Brands Inc. Pizza Hut UK Ltd was now 100% owned by Yum 2008 We bought Godfathers Pizza in Ireland with 28 stores. Institute of Management Sci ences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 5 history and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut Pizza Huts Mission StatementWe strike pride in making a perfect pizza and providing courtly and helpful service on time all the time. all(prenominal) client says, Ill be back We be the employer of choice religious offering team members opportunities For Growth, Advancement, And recognise Cargoners in a Fun, Safe Working Environment. P. E. A. R. L. S ? PASSION for excellence in Doing everything ? EXECUTE with positive energy and urgency. ? ACCOUNTABLE for growth in customer bliss and profitability. ? RECOGNIZE the achievement of others and have fun doing it. ? bear in mind and more all-important(a)ly, respond to the voice of the customer.Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 6 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut COMPARATIVE STRATEGY This squeeze competitors to look for immature systems of increasing their customer bases. Many pizza handcuffs decided to diversify and offer raw nonpizza items such as buffalo wings, and Italian cheese bread. The rate of flow trend in pizza custody today is the same. They all try to come up with some tonicer, bigger, better, pizza for a low price. Offering circumscribed promotions and new pizza variations ar popular today as well.For example, chicken is now a prevalent topping found on pizzas. In the past, Pizza Hut has unceasingly had the first mover advantage. Their merchandising outline in the past has always been to be first. One of their briny strategies that they still follow today is the diversification of the products they offer. Pizza Hut is always adding something new to their menu, arduous to reach new grocerys. For example, in 1992 the famous buffet was launched in Pizza Hut restaurants worldwide. They were trying to offer many different food items for customers who didnt necessarily unavoidableness pizza. other outline they utilize in the past and are still apply is the diversifi cation of their pizzas. Pizza Hut is always trying to come up with some innovative way to fool a pizza into something about different different enough that customers will think its a whole new product. For example, lets look at some of the pizzas Pizza Hut has marketed in the past. In 1983, Pizza Hut introduced their Pan Pizza, which had a ensure of being ready to eat in 5 minutes when eat at Pizza Hut restaurants. In 1993, they introduced the Bigfoot, which was two square feet of pizza cut into 21 slices.In 1995, they introduced Stuffed Crust Pizza, where the bitterness would be exonerate full with cheese. In 1997, they marketed The Edge, which had cheese and toppings all the way to the edge of the pizza. Currently, they are market The Big New Yorker, trying to bring the famous New York demeanor pizza to the whole country. Lastly, Pizza Hut has always valued customer service and satisfaction. In 1995, Pizza Hut began two customer satisfaction programs a UAN (in USA 1-800) number customer hotline and a customer back out program. These were implemented to make sure their customers were happy, and always wanted to return.In our plan, we will first give a situation digest of current and pertinent environmental conditions that affect our plan. Next, we will give a brief analysis of the current fast food industry, and any trends or transfers that top executive blow over in the future. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 7 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 8 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut ENVIRONMENTAL AND INTERNAL ANALYSIS OF PIZZA HUT In our prognosticate to Pizza Hut we conducted research on PEST (Political, Economic, Social and Technological) Analysis.In the internal analysis of Pizza Hut we have considered SWOT of the Company. PEST (Political, Economic, Social & Technological) i. POLITICAL ISSUES Political issues intromit regulatory frame work operating in judicial organization which may affect the business in different ways. There are not many political factors in Peshawar affecting Pizza Hut as is lack of competition. Factors such as laws on business employment, contamination and taxation apply on the organization which it has to follow regarding the rules. ii. ECNOMIC FACTORSIf the countys rescue is better so the GDP of the country will be good, this is a green signal for the business as the per capita income of the people will be increased and they will spend more money. In our survey we came to know that closely of the people in the beginning of the months spend more and they visit pizza hut very often. When the inflation rate increases the cost of knifelike material besides increases and this leads towards high prices of the products and vice versa. iii. SOCIAL FACTORS Pizza hut is a multinational and it is basically originated from America so the organization is overwhelmed by western culture.There are social forms of society which consist of swiftness class, middle class, middle upper class, lower class and lower class. Every country has cultural norms, values, beliefs and religion which understructure affect the organization. iv. TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS instantaneously a days engineering is improving so as baking and heating ovens will be of new and efficient technology and will provide efficient service. Due to new technology there are new ways of marketing like internet teleselling and the organization notify advertise their products with much more faster pace. calculating machine based customer data that is MIS (managing information system) helps in collecting customer data, daily transactions, future forecasting and decision making. New vehicles will make their service more efficient. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 9 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut SWOT ANALYSIS Every organization has its strengths, weakness, opportunity and threats. So, th e SWOT analysis for pizza hut is as chthonic Strengths Pizza Hut is the market leader in providing different products of pizzas as there are no competitors in this sector.There good pic makes the organization more strong. Pizza Hut is providing good taste, quality products with dependent staff, good atmosphere and hygienic environment. They are specialized in pizzas. pauperization level of staff is very high which make the organization more prosperous. They are ISO (International Standard Organization) certified. They have enough resources for operating different activities of the organization. They are providing bounteous home delivery service. They have created monopoly in this sector. some other big Strength and even a Competitive Advantageis the fact that they have a full service restaurant as well as delivery services. Most of Pizza Huts competitors do not have restaurants. Because of the restaurant, Pizza Hut corporation market too many different segments that other pizz a chains cannot. For example, Pizza Hut can market to families much easier than Dominos or Little Caesars. Weaknesses However, the fact that Pizza Hut does have a restaurant to run is also a weakness. Pizza Hut has higher(prenominal) smasher costs, due to the restaurant that other competitors dont have to deal with.Another result of higher overhead costs is higher prices Pizza Hut essential charge. Obviously, Pizza Hut is not the low cost producer. They rely on their quality pizza and good service to account for their higher prices. They are providing less drop of products comparatively with high prices. They are more focus on Western taste instead of Eastern. Opportunities New markets can be explored and new opportunities they can constitute. Pizza Hut can come up with the new products considering the Eastern taste of the people as like McDonalds. variegation of new products can increase their arket share. They can reduce their prices because of more resources. Threats Pizza H uts number one threats are from their competitors. Currently, Their closest competitor is Dominos Pizza who is work to open their Branch at Karachi. Dominos of import competitory advantage over Pizza Hut is their scorn price. ii. Little Caesars who is establishing their self in India and might move to i. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 10 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut Pakistan is another one of Pizza Huts competitors, right fag Dominos in market share.Little Caesars is famous for offering large quantities of pizza for less money. iii. New entrance like Dominos pizza in Pakistan market can affect their market share. iv. Other local restaurants can affect their market share by providing pizzas with lower price. v. Social factors can affect their image as a Western organization. SEGMENTATION main(prenominal) segments which Pizza hut has captured are the combination of higher incomes and dual occupational group families , due to higher incom e consumer have more disposable income , allowing them to eat out more often .Pizza Hut haves the nigh market share in the Pizza industry, the perceived quality and service of the company will help to ensure a better the average chance at a successful introduction of a new product. The introduction of a product that keeps with today trends is also important to reduce the risk of failure. Pizza Hut maximum market segment is young generations. These generation ranges from 12 to 30, the overall spending of these generations is mostly on non essential items, the higher heart of spending has been done on eating out.POSITIONING Pizza Hut was among the first multinational brands to enter the food sell sector in Pakistan. When the first Pizza Hut restaurant opened in Karachi the quick service industry was at a nascent stage and the pizza category was dominated by a sole regional doer who had a marginal presence. Pizza Hut went on to play a significant role in pioneering and developing this category in Pakistan. widely distri furthered and in Pakistan, Pizza Hut has come to become synonymous with the exceed pizzas under one roof.This is because at Pizza Hut the belief is that every pizza has its own magic, thus making it a destination product which everyone seeks. It is this belief that has ignited the passion to create, innovate and serve the finest product the industry has to offer, while setting standards for others to endeavour to replicate. Pizza Hut is committed to providing hard product quality, offering customers the highest value for money and giving service that is warm, friendly and personal. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 11 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza HutA critical factor in Pizza Huts success has been its unique dining experience. Crew members at Pizza Hut strive each day to provide CUSTOMER MANIA the kind of service that ensures that every visit of the customer is a memorable one. Pizza Huts constant ca mpaign to provide extra value whether it is pizzas which are available to suit every price range, new promotions or the introduction of innovative product ranges that puts a Yum on every customers face has allowed it to increase its presence in Pakistan to the current 38 restaurants across 9 cities.Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 12 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut Market Targeting Pizza hut targeted market defines them as a family product. This is because they dont really directly market their customers. They are target everyone whereas their competitors target a certain gender or age. But pizza hut targets a wide range of customers. This is because they want to make the most money and who blames them. They have many competitors and they are bound to try everything to cope up tops. Their competitors are everywhere.There are sightly a few that are main competitors and pizza hut will always try to be the best and get the most money by making their products better quality but also cheaper. They try to offer something different with their product as well. They offer a range of stuffed crusts to try and attract customers. They also do vegetarian options with tint free pizzas and a salad and pasta bar. Not a lot of restaurants offer a salad and a pasta bar. This is another competitive idea to attract or customers. STRATEGIES ADOPTED BY PIZZA HUTA businesss strategy is the praxis of decisions and actions that are taken by the business to achieve its goals. A business has a variety of goals and objectives. alone businesses take up to organize their business activities in order to achieve their business objectives. Running a business involves readiness the current as well as future activities. Hence, in order to achieve the business objectives, all business organizations adopt different strategies. Similarly, Pizza Hut has adopted many strategies which help achieve the targets set by the main office to the local store op ened at Peshawar.Changes are the external as well as internal environment has guide Pizza Hut rethink their past strategies and has therefore designed new strategies after noticing the changes in the environment. These environmental changes are seen through the PEST and SWOT analysis. After considering all the factors Pizza Hut has decided upon the strategies and their current strategies are divided into five main categories and further have sub-parts. These strategies are Functional Strategies These are strategies designed to improve the efficiency of a businesss operations.They often focus on an flying field, such as marketing, human resource etc. All business organizations adopt strategies at serviceable level as at a time the functional objectives are achieved, corporate objectives become easy. In order to make the functional strategy efficient, Pizza Hut has made all the functional departments co-operate with each other. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 13 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut Total Quality Management (TQM) This is the most important for a food chain like Pizza Hut. All the employees backof-the-house i. e. the kitchen assistants are trained accordingly.They are apt(p) extra classes in order to meet the quality standards set by Pizza Hut around the world. This strategy is important in order to satisfy the CHAMPS. This strategy is strictly implemented in Pizza Hut in order to finish the quality standards. Different quality management staff is also there at Pizza Hut. The shift managers have the labor movement to observe whether the quality standards are met or not, whereas there are a total quality management department at the main office in Karachi. This department has the task to implement quality standards and know whether they are achieved or not.Business Level Strategy Business level strategies are plans made to take up a competitive advantage over its rivals in a market. Hence, all the businesse s need to adopt business level strategies in order to compete in a competitive environment. If we take a look at the Pakistani market, there are no large competitors of Pizza Hut but unlimited small competitors exist in the market. The threat of competitors is very low as there is no international food chain offering pizza in Pakistan at present. Therefore, present strategies adopted by Pizza Hut are keeping in consideration the present competition.Whereas, in future this competition will increase and Pizza Hut will have to change all its business level strategies in order to compete with its rivals. In very burn up future Dominos is initiation its first branch in Karachi. This would be a threat for Pizza Hut and hence, the strategies would be changed. Pricing Strategy The level of competition a business faces determines its set strategy. Sometimes a business has the background knowledge to set its price and sometimes a business cannot. When a business has the scope to set its p rice there is a number of set strategies or policies it might choose.As there are no such competitors of Pizza Hut which could compete with the quality of pizza produced at Pizza Hut, therefore, the determine strategy adopted by Pizza Hut is market skimming. Pizza Hut has adopted this pricing strategy as they want to hold maximum share of the market by maximum profit. This is a gold era for Pizza Hut, as there are no competitors and hence, Pizza Hut is free to charge any price they want. They are charging higher prices due to the uniqueness of the product. They satisfy the target market as the food quality is worth the price paid.The pricing strategy is not just to get the worth Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 14 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut of quality but also to gain maximum profits before any competitor enters because then Pizza Hut will have to change its pricing strategy. Although the prices would be bring down with the new entrants in the market but not to a greater extent as the quality food products are not home-produced. They are imported from different countries keeping in suck the best quality. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 15 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza HutMarket Share As there are Dozens of Pizza Suppliers Globally Providing Services in different part of the World, but Pizza Hut is the One who got the Bigger Market Share Globally. This is the Survey taken by www. survey. com that Pizza Hut is having 48% of Overall Pizza Market in the World. After that Dominos is leading with a percentage of 20% while the rest 32% is divided in the Remaining Pizza Providers Globally. MARKET SHARE OTHERS 32% PIZZA HUT PIZZA HUT 48% DOMINOS OTHERS DOMINOS 20% Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 16 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut FOUR PS OF marketPRODUCT Product refers to the actual program you are planning. The goal of pizza hut is to develop the b est product with the resources available. Pizza Hut sells pizzas in four different sizes personal (an individual serving), small, medium and large, though most stores have done away from with the small size. A variety of toppings are available, plus specialty styles, including vegetable marrow Lovers, Pepperoni Lovers, Cheese Lovers, Veggie Lovers, Double Cheeseburger, Supreme, A-one Supreme and the newly introduced Pizza Mia. The pan pizza has a thicker crust than most other commercially available pizzas . o their products have help them to retain their customers and to increase them . they provide their customers with complete nutrition plan and florid food is guaranteed. The nutrition plan also clearly tells diabetes patients can use what range of food at pizza hut. Over weight patients are also satisfied and the pizza with less cholesterol can be ordered. This encourages the customers to visit pizza hut rather than going elsewhere. As pizza hut has to boost its sales in the e xisting markets, so they the new food products are introduced in all branches line-byline because all branches are operated in co-operation with one another.Different products for different regions are also developed as there are choice differences. Pizza hut offers a long list of products and never afraid to offer new products like in Peshawar according to market they introduce the very first Chapli Kabab Pizza which was very healthy product by Pizza hut in this region. There are a lot many products according to different geographical localises. Like in India they have got there vegetable pizzas, which has a large market there BUT not the Cow Meat Pizza. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 17 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza HutPRICE . As there are no such competitors of Pizza Hut which could compete with the quality of pizza produced at Pizza Hut, therefore, the pricing strategy adopted by Pizza Hut is market skimming. Pizza Hut has adopted this pric ing strategy as they want to hold maximum share of the market by maximum profit. This is a golden era for Pizza Hut, as there are no competitors and hence, Pizza Hut is free to charge any price they want. They are charging higher prices due to the uniqueness of the product. They satisfy the target market as the food quality is worth the price paid.The pricing strategy is not just to get the worth of quality but also to gain maximum profits before any competitor enters because then Pizza Hut will have to change its pricing strategy. Although the prices would be let down with the new entrants in the market but not to a greater extent as the quality food products are not home-produced. They are imported from different countries keeping in view the best quality. First, this pricing strategy will help segment the market. Different groups of customers are instinctive to pay different prices for the same product.The high/low pricing strategy will also create excitement. The pricing strat egy adopted by Pizza Hut is market skimming. Pizza Hut has adopted this pricing strategy as they want to hold maximum share of the market by maximum profit. This product will emphasize product and service quality PLACE/DISTRIBUTION It refers to the best ordain to offer program. That is the place where it is located and through what imparts are we distributing programs and the competitive advantage lies in distribution. The pizza hut Peshawar is situated out of the market area near Army Stadium and Shami road.This site has been chosen keeping in view the following factors. It is in an out of centre location on retail or Leisure Park with good parking accessibility. Secondly the catchment area is of a specified minimum size and within a given drive time to the site. Distribution The type of distribution channel used by Pizza Hut is the direct channel. The direct channel is successful when there is an extremely large market that is geographically dispersed. The direct channel is also useful when there are a large number of buyers, but a small amount purchased by each.Pizza Hut uses three different methods of selling its products directly to the market. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 18 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut i. The first method of distribution used by Pizza Hut is Home. Office delivery. Customers can call Pizza Hut ahead of time, place an order, and the order is delivered to the customers home. can go to the nearest Pizza Hut, place an order and either leave with the order or eat at the restaurant. One of Pizza Huts largest competitive advantages is its restaurant style facility.Pizza Hut offers a clean place to sit down and enjoy the variety of pizzas, salads, and sandwiches in a fun, family atmosphere. ii. Another method of distribution is for customers to dine-in. Customers iii. The third method of distribution is to order Online. discriminating County Customers can now go on the Internet and place an order fo r Pizza. This method is useful because it allows customers to view the entire menu, download any special coupons, and order without having to disclose any credit card numbers. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 19 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut publicityThe objectives of promotion are to introduce a new product, stimulate demand, change the short-term behavior of the customers, and encourage repeat or greater utilisation by current customers. Pizza hut uses many promotional strategies. The main promotion is a coupon to purchase. This promotion is also distributed mainly by mail, but also by fliers on college campuses around the country in order to reach the target market. They are using billboards on main stream places to get there customer. They are also distributing entre to door brochures to capture more and more customers. Pizza huts also using marketing techniques.These are the strategies Pizza hut is using for its marketing. Pizza huts try s to attract the younger generation as their main market segment. Apart from this Pizza Hut is using intense marketing strategies they are also giving ads in magazines. Advertising camping will creates awareness of the products in our target markets. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 20 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut CONCLUSION Pizza Hut has many targets which it has achieve in a given period of time. The time-period is mostly a year. Therefore, in order to fulfill the targets different strategies are adopted by Pizza Hut.It can be concluded that these strategies have been successful and there is flexibility in the strategies, as they can be changed with the changes in the market conditions as well as the targets. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 21 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut REFERENCES Mr. Amir Zeb, Shift Manager, Pizza Hut, Peshawar Mr. Hamad Zeb, Shift Manger, Pizza Hut, Peshawar Lower staff of Pizza H ut, Peshawar Google Search Engine www. definitions. com www. answers. com www. about. com www. wikipedia. org www. pizzahut. com Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 22