Design of Gsm Based Power Management

Abstract Monitoring of bureau has been a unheeded neighborhood in developing countries factly, Nigeria. Most of these developing countries withstand evermore been facing the fuss of irregular magnate deliver non because they do non yield the capacity to generate the withdrawd electricity supply but failure to manage or monitor spot ingestion by their restrooms. The lack of strength charge result in the developing of a GSM found indicator perplexity remains. This governance everyows monitoring and direct force play habit by household restrooms.The GSM technology is well deployed in most developed countries due to its features like easy interfacing with appliances via piano tuner frequency, approachability at remote area. In this paper, software and hardware were developed. The software tout ensembleows the substance abuser of the governing body to necessitate for an action from the hardware comp onents. The micro- pictureler is attached with GSM and relays each of which controls its connected authority outlets. GSM primed power management is convenient, more secure, less pricey and user friendly for end user. It is very useful in the area of power management.Keyword GSM, Power, Network, Electricity. Introduction Power management has been an area of neglect more often than not in the developing nations of the world. Most developing countries pass water always been batling with the problem of constant power supply not because they do not have the capacity to generate the required electricity supply but because they have failed in their culture of management. Management has been an issue with developing countries. That is the main contrast between developed countries and developing countries, Nigeria being a developing country, is not whatsoever better.It is also affected with the poor management virus and power is also part of the things marjoly mismanaged in this part of the world. Timo (2002) researches and studies ha ve shown that Nigeria is one of the joyful countries in terms of natural resources but due to poor management culture we have failed as a nation in harnessing them properly, and for the resources we have harnessed we have ref apply to gain a lend control everyplace them. Often times, people consume power without being made answerable for it.Responsibility in this sense goes beyond the payment of bills which is being calculated by estimation which is done by the power regulating body the power holding phoner of Nigeria. In view of this problem, the power holding company of Nigeria which is the power regulating body of the country (Nigeria) tried to curb this power ingestion mismanagement issue by introducing an electronic digitized meter which is pre-paid and it is retrieveed a pre paid meter. With the introduction of pre-paid meter billing organisation to consumers, their power consumption have pitchd and have increased tremendously.The billing system have became usurious so t here(predicate) has been an issue of how to manage power by a household in order to be able to consume a specific amount of power so that bills will be rigorously based on the amount of power consumed. Limitation This programme is yet implemented for a home that does not consume more than 200w of power. It has been intentional to accommodate only four appliances whose sum total of power evaluation must not exceed 200w GSM Technology As mentioned by Timo (2002), GSM is wide deployed and is a growing technology supporting a number of peeled finishings being used for it.GSM is a digital cellular radio system that shut ups on two frequency bandings 900 and 1800MHz. It is a European standard but now has been glob eithery accepted, that digests the cost of manufacturing and increases the market target. Standardizations are still evolving and so far they have had up to two phases 1 and 2. (GSM Technical Specification, 2007) This ontogeny has achieved spicyer(prenominal) co nsummational boundaries to what was expected at the birth of the technology. Some of the excepted features of the system are High audio quality and integrating. High level of certificate preventing fraud and boasting confidentiality. -International and intersystem roaming. -Low cost infrastructure and interpretability with existing infrastructure. GSM Architecture A GSM system as defined could be thought of as a cabal of three subsystems Base station subsystem (BSS), Network subsystem and cognitive operational and victuals subsystem (Vijay, K. G. , and Joseph, E. W. 2009). Base station subsystem is a radio link subsystem and is responsible for management of connection including handovers of calls from coverage area (cell) to cell.BSS is acted by a combination of sprightly place (MS), Base Transceiver Station (BTS) and Base Station ascendence (BSC) several BTSs are connected and controlled by a item-by-item BSC. This single BSC is responsible for handover, radio link control and power control for transmission. The web subsystem is the core of the GSM system. It controls mobility, switching and management of the subscriber. It consist of switching centre (MSC), visitant Location Register (VLR), Home Location Register (HLR),Authentication Centre (AUC), and Equipment individualism Register (EIR).One MSC is communicating with number of BSCs, and then it is used for call apparatus, routing and handover between the two subsystems. Also for billing purposes MSC is in control. (Siegmund, M. R. Matthins, K. W. and Malcolm W. O. 2005). The four selective information bases for control and communicate management are AUC, EIR, HLR, and VLR they operate almost the same way. HLR is a database for mobile sets registered to a particular mobile network. And a MS is registered to only one HLR even if the network has umpteen HLRs. This database is usually unite with the AUC. Together they are responsible for service profile and routine information.AUC verifies authe nticity of the subscriber and provides the HLR with ciphering information for mobile transportation. VLR is usually combined with MSC and called MSC/VLR, provides location information to the servicing MSC. This is a database of all roaming MS in a particular MSC, and database is updated as soon as a mobile set leaves the MSC. The HLR is notified of where the MS is, so that all the calls to that particular MS are re-routed correctly. This does not mean VLR force outnot control call setup by itself, it has all the needed information and it acts like a abject HLR.EIR is a database that stores the identity of each MS. Each MS has a queer identifier called identity mobile equipment identity (IMEI). This database can be used to hold fend for giving service to a stolen set. The operation and sustenance (OMC) subsystem is responsible for maintenance of the entire network and GSM equipment, therefore it needs to be connected to all equipment in the BSC and switching system. Also, conf abulation with these equipment should be guaranteed so that at all times it can monitor and update the entire system.According to English, J. , Fielding, E. , and Howard, N. (2002), the network used to communicate is different from the one subscribers are using usually a fixed signaling network is used such as SS7, GSM network has also an optional part called footling subject matter service pith (SMSC). This was developed after the realization that not only parting communication can be offered through network but also short contentedness and data can be transmitted. Peter, H. A. (2007) defined short message as a message of less than or equal to one hundred fifty characters.The SMSC stores the sent messages until it can find the destination addressed in the message. The menstruation of storing a message is dependent on the service provider. Fig 1 Overview of GSM architecture Asha, M. (2006) Software Basically the response of the micro-controller to the signal or message from the GSM is being controlled through a program write in micro-basic which hardwired on the micro-controller. The user interface which allows the user to select appliance(s) to be cristaled wrap up or ON was designed and coded in visual basic 6 languages.The choice of visual basic was due to its flexibility. This program communicates with the micro-controller by send the option of the user (i. e. to turn on or off) through the one the messages from the monitoring phones to the micro-controller of which in turn effects the necessary action. The program was written in such a manner that the phone might require an administrator, which users personal can turn off appliances on which output he so desires to turn off at a particular flower in time or allows automatically switches off appliances on ports agree to priority.HardwareThis involves arrangement of several components which are integrated together to form a circuitry device that performs a function switching off and on ports w hich serves power to the catching appliances. Working Operation of the Model The following are the components that forge the block diagram of the exemplification Fig. 2. Block Diagram of the Model chuck up the sponge Transformer. Power is fed into the circuit through the mains and is step-down to 12v which is the required potency for the circuit. This is rectified using device and also filtered with the aid of a filtering capacitor.The perfume of this is to convert the AC electric potential from the mains to DC voltage because the micro-controller is powered by a DC source. The micro-controller requires just 5v to power, so the 12v is attempted using resistances (potential divider). electromotive force Transformer This is used in measuring the voltage flowing through the appliance and is rectified using half-wave rectification and also filtered using a capacitor. The excitant impedance from the latitude signal must not be higher than 2km, the buffer amplifier is used to a chieve this purpose. It has unity gain amplifier to ensure input signal is replicated at the output.The buffer amplifier consists of operational amplifier. Current Transformer This provides isolation and also locomote down current. In practice, it is difficult to find a current transformer, so we made the primary side of a voltage transformer to function as the secondary thereby making it work as current transformer. The analogue to digital circuit in the micro-controllers needs analogue voltage and not current, the current flowing is made to pass over a resistor to give a voltage that is proportional to the current flowing. This resistor is called the ring road resistor and should be as low as possible.This voltage metrical is later converted to current through the aid of the code. Micro-Controller The micro-controller used here is the PIC16F877A type. It provides the following in the functions in the model. ? Digitization of both the current and voltage measured and the result ant power ? Multiplication of the measured parameters (current and voltage) to give power the current and voltage measure is fed into the micro-controller where the multiplier circuit plant in it multiplies them to obtain power ? Conversion of binary digitals to BCD. The binary digits approach as output from the multiplier needs to be converted to BCD.The power that is being calculated is sent phone, and the program picks this up and compares it if it is within the snare of the power consumption that is allowed. If it is more than the limit, the administrators can switch off which ever appliance that is of lower priority to him or her. The phone might be put on automatic, which on its own turns off appliance based on its order of priority. Relay Switches When the computer does the comparison, it then sends a take back to the controller which in turn excites the relay that controls the appliance to be controlled, either to be turned gain or ON.Seven Segment viewing The BCD gene rated by the micro controller will be displayed on the sevener segment display which eradicates the need for a seven segment decoder and its driver. Radio Frequency Communication between the phone and the microprocessor is achieved by radio frequency technology used by the GSM. Initial Testing and desktop of the Model The monitoring phone must be configured with the application used and it must support it. The application configured onto the GSM has a disrespect number which will be allowed to communicate with the micro-controller.All the four appliances were set to despatch initially before they were being controlled by the GSM through the following steps. ? Go to the application from the mobile phone. ? Then mobile control menu from the application. ? make out mark or break on the appliance you wish to turn on. Software Implementation The operational implementation of the system is in software, moment its control is software based. The processor is programmed to be in cont inuous polling mode, meaning its operation is not triggered by an interrupt but rather continuously executing the code as long as it is powered.This kind of operation may be costly for non critical kinds of communication but trade good for real time communication. As mentioned earlier that the starting of the system operation is when the GSM reads the message through reading RS232 port at the decided band rate, and convert it to BCD which the micro-controller understands. Hardware Implementation The implementation of hardware begins with the message receive by the GSM phone which later converted to a BCD in form of tone and sent to the micro-controller. Microcontrollers in turn send signals to the relays to witch OFF or ON the particular appliances as the case may be. send Message to the Mobile Station Message could be sent to check the status and control the appliances from any other configured GSM paired with the base phone (i. e. connected with the circuit) Checking of the St atus. To check for the status of the appliances from any distance, the steps to follow are the following Open the contact option from the phone application. Go to the GSM contact to change destination number to defaulted number. Then go to appliance control. Type the pray message using the format *MWM* status request Press sendThe status of the appliances will be automatically sent back to the GSM. Control of the Appliances from the Remote Area. The following steps must be followed when compulsive the appliances ? Open the contact option from the GSM application ? Go to the GSM contact to change destination number to the defaulted number. ? Then go to appliance control. ? Type the request message using the format *MWM* appliance number* action ON (1) or OFF (0) * acknowledgement ? Press send. Performance of the Model The model built was tested by connecting four appliances whose sum total of power consumption was not more than 200w.The system worked perfectly well. Also we se t the range of power consumption to 150w, this indicates that whenever appliances are connected to it and their sum total power consumption is more than 150w, then the user turns off any of the appliances or the system automatically turns it off or on. Conclusion and Recommendations From the design and the implementation of the system presented in this document, it can be concluded that GSM system could solve many of the challenges most developing countries are facing particularly the problem of misuse of power supply.Because of the flexibility and ease of the system design, GSM system could be adapted for any application ranging from control of appliances to monitoring remotely. Also, the high level of security of the GSM network is an advantage for securing data transmission therefore this system should be implemented without fear of eavesdroppers for future this system can solve many technological challenges, for example a company managing director could use his GSM set anywher e in the world and log data to his system allowing him to monitor power consumption in semi-real time to reduce cost.The system could be used in manufacturing industry, for example to monitor the consumption of power used by each equipment used for production thereby useful for cost benefit measurement. There are number of applications that could be developed with the system, and for further security measures, the system could be developed such that it connects to severance cameras, allowing the user to visually see his assets at anytime, anywhere. Also, it would be overnice to develop the system such that it can convert the message into voice so as to accommodate blind users.As mentioned earlier that this system is not complex to assemble, and the fact that the GSM technology is everywhere means it can be sold at an affordable price. References Asha, M. (2006) GSM System Engineering. New York Artech House. Charles, R. K. Morris, M. (2001) Logic And computing machine Design Fundam entals. capital of the United Kingdom Prentice Hall. English, J. Fielding, E. Howard, N (2002) Professional Communication fifth Edition Maidenhead Open University Press.GSM Technical Specification(2007) Digital Cellular Telecommunications System. London Croom Helm. Peter, H. A. (2007) Pic 16C84 Outputting To A Serial Device Baltimore Morgan State University. Siegmund, M. R. , Matthins, K. W. and Malcolm, W. O. (2005) An Introduction to GSM. capital of Massachusetts Arteer Honge. Timo, H. Javier, R. and Juan Meler. (2002) GSM, GPRS and EDGE Performance. New York John Wiley and sons. Vijay, K. G. Joseph, E. W (2009) Principles and Applications of GSM. London Prentice Hall. pic